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Recent questions and answers in Sensors and Industrial Instrumentation

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GATE IN 2026 | Question: 20
Which of the following statements is/are correct for a thermocouple?It is based on the Seebeck Effect.The change in resistance is measured.The voltage difference between ...
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GATE IN 2026 | Question: 15
Active strain gauges are connected in a half-bridge configuration to measure strain in a cantilever element. When powered by a voltage source of $10$ $\mathrm{V}$, the vo...
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GATE IN 2026 | Question: 16
A glass $\mathrm{pH}$ electrode behaves linearly with an output change of $60$ $\mathrm{mV}$ per unit change in $\mathrm{pH}$. The measurement reference is set such that ...
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GATE IN 2026 | Question: 40
A parallel plate capacitive displacement sensor has a plate area of $2 \mathrm{~cm}^{2}$. The air gap between the plates is decreased by $0.1$ mm from an initial value of...
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GATE IN 2026 | Question: 41
The emitted radiant energy from a piece of metal was measured using a pyrometer. The temperature was calculated to be $1000^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$, assuming a surface emissi...
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GATE IN 2026 | Question: 53
A current carrying semiconductor of thickness $0.7$ mm is placed in a transverse magnetic field. The measured Hall voltage is $0.9$ $\mathrm{mV}$ and the current is $6$ $...
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GATE IN 2026 | Question: 55
A photodiode has a responsivity $0.8 \mathrm{~A} / \mathrm{W}$. If the input optical power to the photodiode is $2$ $\mathrm{mW}$, the power delivered to a $50 \: \Omega$...
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GATE IN 2024 | Question: 19
Consider the readout circuit of a piezoelectric sensor shown in the figure.When the piezoelectric sensor generates a charge $q_{p}$, the resulting change in voltage $\mat...
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GATE IN 2025 | Question: 3
The working of the hand-held metal detector most widely used by security personnel for human frisking is based on the principle ofchange in reluctance of an iron core in ...
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GATE IN 2025 | Question: 4
The primary coil of a linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) is supplied with AC voltage as shown in the figure. The secondary coils are connected in series oppo...
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GATE IN 2025 | Question: 5
In the force transducer shown in Figure (a), four identical strain gauges $S1, S2, S3$, and $S4$ are mounted on a cantilever at equal distance from its base. $S1$ and $S2...
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GATE IN 2025 | Question: 12
Match the following sensors with their most suitable applications.$$\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|} \hline & \textbf{Sensor} & & \textbf{Application} \\ \hline \text{P} & \text{...
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GATE IN 2025 | Question: 43
A metallic strain-gauge $(\mathrm{SG})$ with resistance $R_{\mathrm{SG}}$ is connected as shown in the figure, where $R_{\mathrm{L} 1}, R_{\mathrm{L} 2}, R_{\mathrm{L} 3}...
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GATE IN 2025 | Question: 47
An air filled parallel plate electrostatic actuator is shown in the figure. The area of each capacitor plate is $100 \: \mu \mathrm{m} \times 100 \: \mu \mathrm{m}$. The ...
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GATE IN 2025 | Question: 48
The resistance of a thermistor is measured to be $2.25 \: \mathrm{k} \Omega$ at $30^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ and $1.17 \: \mathrm{k} \Omega$ at $60^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$. Its ma...
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GATE IN 2024 | Question: 11
A linear transducer is calibrated for the ranges shown in the figure. The gain of the transducer is $\_\_\_\_\_$ $\mathrm{mA} /{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ (rounded off to two...
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GATE IN 2024 | Question: 22
A linear potentiometer $(0-10 \mathrm{k} \Omega)$ is used to measure the water level as shown in the figure. The resistance between $\mathrm{A}$ and $\mathrm{C}$ varies l...
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GATE IN 2024 | Question: 38
​Consider an ultrasonic measurement system shown in the figure. The ultrasonic transmitter $(T)$ sends a continuous wave signal $x(t)=\cos \left(2 \pi f_{1} t\right)$ vol...
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GATE IN 2024 | Question: 42
Consider the capacitive sensor circuit and its output voltage shown in the figure. The circuit is switched $\mathrm{ON}$ at $\mathrm{t}=0$. Assuming the opamp to be ideal...
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GATE IN 2024 | Question: 46
A shielded cable with $\mathrm{C}_{\text {stray }}=20 \mathrm{~pF}$ and $\mathrm{R}_{\text {wire }}=10 ~\Omega$ is used to connect the inductive sensors as shown in the f...
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GATE IN 2023 | Question: 3
Which of the following flow meters offers the lowest resistance to the flow? Turbine flow meter Orifice flow meter* Venturi meter Electromagnetic flow meter
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GATE IN 2023 | Question: 4
Pair the quantities $\text{(p)}$ to $\text{(s)}$ with the measuring devices $\text{(i)}$ to $\text{(iv)}$.$\begin{array}{|l|l|}\hline \text{(i) Linear Variable Differenti...
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GATE IN 2023 | Question: 28
In a $p-i-n$ photodiode, a pulse of light containing $8 \times 10^{12}$ incident photons at wavelength $\lambda_0=1.55~ \mu \mathrm{m}$ gives rise to an average $4 \times...
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GATE IN 2023 | Question: 41
A wire-wound 'resistive potentiometer type' angle sensor with $72$ turns is used in an application. The first turn of the potentiometer is connected to ground while its l...
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GATE IN 2023 | Question: 42
The two secondaries of a linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) showed a magnitude of $2 \mathrm{~V (RMS)}$ for zero displacement position of the core. It is not...
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GATE IN 2023 | Question: 44
Four strain gauges $\mathrm{R}_{\mathrm{A}}, \mathrm{R}_{\mathrm{B}}, \mathrm{R}_{\mathrm{C}}$ and $\mathrm{R}_{\mathrm{D}}$, each with nominal resistance $\mathrm{R}$, a...
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GATE IN 2022 | Question: 2
A pneumatic nozzle-flapper system is conventionally used to convert __________Small changes in flapper’s velocity to large changes in output temperatureSmall changes in f...
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GATE IN 2022 | Question: 7
A Hall sensor is based on the principle of ___________Photoelectric effectSeebeck effectPiezoelectric effectLorentz force
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GATE IN 2022 | Question: 9
The figure shows a Chromel-Alumel thermocouple, where the junction $A$ is held at temperature $T_{A},$ and a thermal emf $E_{1}$ is measured using an ideal voltmeter betw...
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GATE IN 2022 | Question: 17
A photodiode is made of a semiconductor with a bandgap of $1.42 \; \text{eV}.$ Given that Plank’s constant is $6.626 \times 10^{-34} \; \text{Js,}$ the speed of light in ...
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GATE IN 2021 | Question: 7
Input-output characteristic of a temperature sensor is exponential for aThermistorThermocoupleResistive Temperature Device $\text{(RTD)}$Mercury thermometer
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GATE IN 2021 | Question: 18
A strain gage having nominal resistance of $1000\:\Omega$ has a gage factor of $2.5$. If the strain applied to the gage is $100\:\mu m/m$, its resistance in ohm will chan...
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GATE IN 2021 | Question: 20
A piezoresistive pressure sensor has a sensitivity of $\text{1 (mV/V) /kPa}$. The sensor is excited with a $\text{dc}$ supply of $\text{10 V}$ and the output is read usin...
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GATE IN 2021 | Question: 33
A $\text{J}$-type thermocouple has an output voltage $V_{\theta }=\left ( 13650+50\: \theta _{x} \right ) \mu \;V$, where $\theta _{x}$ is the junction temperature in Cel...
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GATE IN 2021 | Question: 53
For the full bridge made of linear strain gages with gage factor $2$ as shown in the diagram, $R_{1}=R_{2}=R_{3}=R_{4}=100 \:\Omega$ at $0^{\circ}C$ and strain is $0$. Th...
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GATE2020 IN: 24
The capacitance $C_x$ of a capacitive type sensor is $(1000x) pF,$ where x is the input to the sensor. As shown in the figure, the sensor is excited by a voltage $\text{...
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GATE2020 IN: 44
The circuit shown uses ideal opamp powered from a supply $V_{CC}=5 V$. If the charge $q_p$ generated by the piezoelectric sensor is of the form $q_p=0.1 \sin(10000\pi t) ...
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GATE2020 IN: 53
The mutual inductances between the primary coil and the secondary coils of linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) shown in the figure are $M_1$ and $M_2$. Assume...
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GATE2020: 10
If I is the current flowing through a Hall effect sensor and B is the magnetic flux density perpendicular to the direction of the current $\text{(in the plane of the Hal...
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GATE IN 2017 | Question: 49
The hot junction of a bare thermocouple, initially at room temperature $(30^\circ{C})$, is suddenly dipped in molten metal at $t=0$ $s$. The cold junction is kept at room...
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