Recent questions tagged analog-electronics

A coil is tested with a series type Q-meter. Resonance at a particular frequency is obtained with a capacitance of $\text{110 pF}$. When the frequency is doubled, the cap...

The comparators (output=$’1’$, when input $\underline{>}$ and output=$’0’$, when input$<0$), exclusive-OR gate and the unity gain low-pass filter given in the circuit are...

The photo diode in the figure below has an active sensing area of $10 \;mm^2,$ a sensitivity of $0.5\;A/W$ and a dark current of $1\; \mu A$. The $i-to-v$ converter has a...

The bandgap in $eV$ of a semiconductor material required to construct an $LED$ that emits peak power at the wavelength of $620\;nm$ is $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.$(Plank constant $h...

The figure shows a half-wave rectifier circuit with input voltage $V(t)=10\sin(100\;\pi t)$ volts. Assuming ideal diode characteristics with zero forward voltage drop and...

The capacitor shown in the figure is initially charged to $\text{+10 V}$. The switch closes at time $t=0$. Then the value of $V_C(t)$ in volts at time $\text{t=0 ms}$ is ...

A p-type semiconductor strain gauge has a nominal resistance of $1000\;\Omega$ and a gauge factor of $+200$ at $25\;^\circ C$. The resistance of the strain gauge in ohms ...

A power line is coupled capacitively through various parasitic capacitances to a shielded signal line as shown in the figure. The conductive shield is grounded solidly at...

A light detector circuit using an ideal photo-diode is shown in the figure. The sensitivity of the photo-diode is $0.5\:\mu A/\mu W$. With $V_r=6\:V$, the output voltage ...

An apparatus to capture $ECG$ signals has a filter followed by a data acquisition system. The filter best suited for this application islow pass with cutoff frequency $20...

The output frequency of an $LC$ tank oscillator employing a capacitive sensor acting as the capacitor of the tank is $100\;kHz$. If the sensor capacitance increases by $1...

The Seebeck coefficients, in $\mu V/^\circ C,$ for copper, constant an and iron, with respect to platinum, are $1.9, \:-38.3$ and $13.3$, respectively. The magnitude of t...

In the figure shown, $R_T$ represents a resistance temperature device $(RTD)$, whose characteristic is given by $R_T=R_\circ(1+\alpha T),$ where $R_\circ=100\: \Omega, \:...

In the circuit shown in the figure, it is found that $V_{BE}=0.7\:V$ and $V_E=0\:V$. If $\beta_{dc}=99$ for the transistor, then the value of $R_B$ in kilo ohms is ______...

An opamp has ideal characteristics except that its open loop gain is given by the expression $Av(S)=10^4/(1+10^{-3}\;s).$ This op-amp is used in the circuit shown in the ...

In the circuit shown, the voltage source $V(t)=15+0.1\sin(100t)$ volts. The $PMOS$ transistor is biased such that it is in situation with its gate-source capacitance beig...

An $ADC$ is interfaced with a microprocessor as shown in the figure. All signals have been indicated with typical notations. Acquisition of one new sample of the analog i...

In the circuit shown in the figure, both the $\text{NMOS}$ transistors are identical with their threshold voltages being $\text{5 V}$. Ignoring channel length modulation,...

Consider a low-pass filter module with a pass-band ripple of $\delta$ in the gain magnitude. If $M$ such identical modules are cascaded, ignoring the loading effects, the...

The average real power in watts delivered to a load impedance $Z_L=(4-j2)\Omega$ by an ideal current source $i(t)=4\sin(\omega t+20^\circ)A $ is ____________.

Time domain expressions for the voltage $v_1(t)$ and $v_2(t)$ are given as$$v_1(t)=V_m\sin(10t-130^\circ)\; and\; v_2(t)=V_m\cos(10t+10^\circ)$$Which one of the following...

A pHelectrode obeys Nernst equation and is being operated at $25^\circ C$. The change in the open circuit voltage in millivolts across the electrode for a pH change from ...

Semiconductor strain gages typically have much higher gage factors than those of metallic strain gages, primarily due to:higher temperature sensitivityhigher Poisson’s ra...

For the op-amp shown in the figure, the bias currents are $I_{b1}=450\;nA$ and $I_{b2}=350\;nA$. The values of the input bias current $(I_B)$ and the input offset current...

The amplifier in the figure has gain of $-10$ and input resistance of $50\;k\Omega$. The values of $R_i$ and $R_f$ are:$R_i=500\;k\Omega, R_f=50\;k\Omega$$R_i=50\;k\Omega...

For the circuit shown in the figure assume ideal diodes with zero forward resistance and zero forward voltage drop. The current through the diode $D_2$ in $mA$ is _______...

A full duplex binary $FSK$ transmission is made through a channel of bandwidth $10\;kHz$. In each direction of transmission the two carriers used for the two states are s...

In order to remove respiration related motion artifacts from an $ECG$ signal, the following filter should be used:low-pass filter with $f_c=0.5\;Hz$high-pass filter with ...

In a time-of-flight mass spectrometer if $q$ is the charge and $m$ the mass of the ionized species, then the time of flight is proportional to$\frac{\sqrt m}{\sqrt q}$$\f...

A capacitor $’C’$ is to be connected across the terminal $’A’$ and $’B’$ as shown in the figure so that the power factor of the parallel combination becomes unity. The va...

A thermistor has a resistance of $1\;k\Omega$ at temperature $298\;K$ and $465\;\Omega$ at temperature $316\;K$. The temperature sensitivity in $K^{-1}[i.e(1/R)(dR/dT),$ ...

A barium titanate piezoelectric crystal with $d_{33}=150\;pC/N, C_{crystal}=25\;pF$ and $R_{crystal}=10^{10}\Omega$ is used to measure the amplitude of a step force. The ...

A thermopile is constructed using $10$ junctions of Chromel-Constantan ( sensitivity $60\mu V/^\circ C$ for each junction) connected in series. The output is fed to an am...

Assuming an ideal op-amp in linear range of operation, the magnitude of the transfer impedance $\frac{V_0}{i}$ in $M\Omega$ of the current to voltage converter shown in t...

For the circuit shown in the figure, the transistor has $\beta=40, V_{BE}=0.7\;V$, and the voltage across the Zener diode is $15\;V$. The current (in mA) through the Zene...

In the figure, transistors $T_1$ and $T_2$ have identical characteristics. $V_{CE(sat)}$ of transistor $T_3$ is $0.1\:V$. The voltage $V_1$ is high enough to put $T_3$ in...

The figures show an oscillator circuit having an ideal Schmitt trigger and its input-output characteristics. The time period (in ms) of $v_{\circ}(t)$ is ______________.

An $N-$bit, $ADC$ has an analog reference voltage $V$. Assuming zero mean and uniform distribution of the quantization error, the quantization noise power will be:$\frac{...

The circuit in the figure represents a counter-based unipolar $ADC$. when $SOC$ is asserted the counter is reset and clock is enabled so that the counter counts up and th...

Frequency of an analog periodic signal in the range of $5kHz-10kHz$ is to be measured with a resolution of $100Hz$ by measuring its period with a counter. Assuming neglig...